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Hua Quan
Hua Quan (China-style boxing) - This style is believed to have originated in Jining of Shandong Province. It is said that during the Kaiyuan reign of the Tang dynasty (713-741) a Mount Hua knight named Cai Mao killed his enemy of a noble family of Chang'an, and went to hide in Jining. Cai Mao excelled at combat and swordplay. About 400 years later Cai's offspring, Cai Tai and Cai Gang, were also proficient at combat and often competed in local and national wushu contests. They developed their style in to the present-day Hua Quan. Cai Wanzhi of Jining, during the Jiaqing reign of the Ming dynasty (1522-1566), further developed Hua Quan and wrote a book The Secrets of Hua Quan. He based his book on the traditional philosophy of combining spirit, breath and ego. Cai Guiqin, grandson of one of the few remaining martial artists of Caixing, was born during the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing dynasty (1877) and was fond of wushu as a child. He learned martial arts from his grandfather and after his death, was forced by poverty to move away from Caixing to a district outside the southern gate of the city wall of Jining. There he met with Ding Yushan, a well-known expert in Shandong Province for his mastery of Hua Quan. Cai studied with Ding for three years, and he later became a contemporary Hua Quan master during the late Qing dynasty. In the 1897 Cai Guiqin traveled in the south of China where he met and discussed martial arts with Qiu Jin, a woman revolutionary from Shaoxing in Zhejiang province, in Shanghai in 1906. In 1920 Cai Guiqin met with Dr. Sun Yat-sen before going to teach wushu to government officials in the headquarters of the Republic in Guangzhou. After the death of Sun, Cai went on traveling before settling in Shanghai for the rest of his life. Hua Quan was spread as he traveled through Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan and Henan provinces.